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寄生虫会致癌!感染易增罹癌致命风险 

寄生虫会致癌!感染易增罹癌致命风险 

一般寄生虫对人体有害,会钻入人体并在体内“扎根”,削弱人体免疫系统,诱发疾病。如果不幸遇上致命性寄生虫,可能还会罹患癌症,小命不保!

肝吸虫和胆管癌

Photo Credit: wikipedia

泰国肝吸虫(Opisthorchis viverrini)与华支肝吸虫(Clonorchis sinensis)皆是食源性寄生虫,主要寄生于淡水鱼、虾、螺等海产,人若生吃或食用未煮熟的鱼虾类,可能会感染肝吸虫病,增加罹患胆管癌的风险。

世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构于1994年与2009年,分别将泰国肝吸虫和华支肝吸虫定义为对人体有致癌性的寄生虫感染。

不少研究报告证实,肝吸虫病和胆管癌同时发生的概率很高。血吸虫侵入人体皮肤后会寄生于胆管内,导致肝脏受损,也会诱发胆管上皮细胞增生而诱发癌变。

埃及血吸虫和膀胱癌

Photo Credit: wikipedia

在受埃及血吸虫(Schistosoma haematobium)污染的淡水中游泳或沐浴,可感染血吸虫病。幼虫会钻入皮肤,经血液循环到达膀胱和盆腔静脉,并寄生于此。

幼虫发育为成虫后,在肠道或膀胱壁静脉内大量产卵,可导致局部组织损伤、炎症、溃疡、出血、泌尿生殖器系统病变。如果没有及时治疗,或会诱发膀胱癌、肾衰竭等严重后果。

国际癌症研究机构于2017年,将埃及血吸虫列入一类致癌物清单中。

弓形虫和罕见脑癌

Photo Credit: https://www.cdc.gov/

弓形虫(Toxoplasma Gondii)是一种常见的寄生虫,主要通过受污染的生肉或水源感染人类。

弓形虫寄生于细胞内,随血液流动通往全身各部位,足以破坏大脑、心脏等,导致人体免疫力下降,罹患各种疾病。

研究人员2021年在《国际癌症杂志》发表的调研显示,弓形虫一旦进入人体,可能导致罕见的脑癌。弓形虫在大脑形成囊,增加罹患致命性神经胶质瘤的风险。

神经胶质瘤占恶性脑瘤的 80%,最常见的胶质母细胞瘤5年的生存率仅为9.8%。

虽然各种癌症的病发原因千差万别,但随着越来越多医学研究证实,癌症和源于寄生虫的感染性疾病脱离不了关系后,这些明确的致癌病因,有助于人们更好的预防癌症。

Chirst Oh

Chirst Oh

Christ Oh is a freelance content provider with more than fourteen years’ experience in print, broadcast, and virtual media. She has frontline and backend experience. She has worked with private as well as national networks, providing content and support. As a graduate of the University Science of Malaysia with a degree in Journalism Christ Oh has brought her evolving perspective, fresh ideals and 21st century energy to our growing network. And we are very happy to have her.

William Brown
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